Tectonic evolution refers to the changes in the Earth's crust and lithosphere over time, often driven by the movement and interaction of tectonic plates. This research area focuses on understanding how and why continents have shifted, oceans have opened and closed, and mountain ranges have formed and eroded throughout geologic history. By studying the processes of plate tectonics, subduction zones, faulting, and other geological phenomena, researchers can gain insights into the past and present tectonic evolution of the Earth's surface. This knowledge is crucial for understanding natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis, as well as predicting future changes in the Earth's landscape.